Find Thyroid Specialists near you

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FAQs:

What is the Thyroid?

The thyroid gland is a small organ that’s located in the front of the neck, wrapped around the windpipe (trachea). It’s shaped like a butterfly, smaller in the middle with two wide wings that extend around the side of your throat. The thyroid is a gland. You have glands throughout your body, where they create and release substances that help your body do a specific thing. Your thyroid makes hormones that help control many vital functions of your body.

What Does the Thyroid Do?

Your thyroid has an important job to do within your body — releasing and controlling thyroid hormones that control metabolism. Metabolism is a process where the food you take into your body is transformed into energy. This energy is used throughout your entire body to keep many of your body’s systems working correctly. Think of your metabolism as a generator. It takes in raw energy and uses it to power something bigger.

The thyroid controls your metabolism with a few specific hormones — T4 (thyroxine, contains four iodide atoms) and T3 (triiodothyronine, contains three iodide atoms). These two hormones are created by the thyroid and they tell the body’s cells how much energy to use. When your thyroid works properly, it will maintain the right amount of hormones to keep your metabolism working at the right rate. As the hormones are used, the thyroid creates replacements.

This is all supervised by something called the pituitary gland. Located in the center of the skull, below your brain, the pituitary gland monitors and controls the amount of thyroid hormones in your bloodstream. When the pituitary gland senses a lack of thyroid hormones or a high level of hormones in your body, it will adjust the amounts with its own hormone. This hormone is called thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). The TSH will be sent to the thyroid and it will tell the thyroid what needs to be done to get the body back to normal.

What is a Normal Thyroid Level?

Normal values are from 0.4 to 4.0 mIU/L for those with no symptoms of an under- or over-active thyroid. Some people with a TSH value over 2.0 mIU/L, who have no signs or symptoms suggestive of an under-active thyroid, may develop hypothyroidism sometime in the future. Anyone with a TSH above 2.0 mIU/L, therefore, should be followed very closely by a doctor. Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories.

Who is Affected by Thyroid Disease?

Thyroid disease can affect anyone — men, women, infants, teenagers and the elderly. It can be present at birth (typically hypothyroidism) and it can develop as you age (often after menopause in women).

Thyroid disease is very common, with an estimated 20 million people in the Unites States having some type of thyroid disorder. A woman is about five to eight times more likely to be diagnosed with a thyroid condition than a man.

You may be at a higher risk of developing a thyroid condition if you:

1. Have a family history of thyroid disease.

2. Have a medical condition (these can include pernicious anemia, Type 1 diabetes, primary adrenal insufficiency, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren’s syndrome and Turner syndrome).

3. Take a medication that’s high in iodine (amiodarone).

4. Are older than 60, especially in women.

5. Have had treatment for a past thyroid condition or cancer (thyroidectomy or radiation).

Can a Person Live Without a Thyroid?

Yes, you can live without your thyroid. However, you’ll need to take hormone replacement medication for the rest of your life in order to stay healthy and prevent certain side effects and symptoms. Thyroid removal surgery, known as a thyroidectomy, is a common surgery that can treat certain thyroid conditions.

How Do I Know If I Have a Thyroid Problem?

Unless you have a very large nodule on your thyroid, you probably won’t easily know you have a thyroid problem. However, if you experience changes in your weight, personality, emotions, and even skin texture, these can all be symptoms of thyroid problems. A doctor can help you know if you have a thyroid problem by ordering blood tests to check the levels of thyroid hormones in your body. If yours are abnormal, your doctor can recommend next steps.

How Does Thyroid Affect Your Health?

A well-working thyroid affects the body by maintaining the following functions:

1. keeping the body’s temperature at a normal level

2. supporting normal growth and cell turnover

3. maintaining a normal heart rate

4. burning calories in a regular and expected fashion

5. maintaining bone breakdown and reabsorption

As a result, if your thyroid hormone production becomes imbalanced (either too high or too low), your thyroid can potentially have a negative effect on your overall health.

What Causes High TSH Levels in Thyroid Health?

If you have too much TSH, it may indicate that your thyroid isn’t making enough thyroid hormone. This condition is called hypothyroidism, or underactive thyroid. A number of conditions can cause hypothyroidism, including Hashimoto’s disease. About 5% of adults in the United States have hypothyroidism.

Since thyroid hormone suppresses TSH release, too little thyroid hormone can cause your pituitary to make excess TSH. Rarely, issues with your pituitary gland, such as a TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma, or rare genetic conditions can result in higher-than-normal TSH and thyroid hormone levels.

What Does Thyroid Pain Feel Like?

You may experience pain at the site of your thyroid gland if it is having issues, for example it may be inflamed due to a condition called thyroiditis. The area may be tender to the touch. You may feel a sharp pain when you palpate it. You should see your physician if you feel thyroid pain near the base of your neck. They will be able to help identify the cause.

Is Thyroid a Severe Disease?

Thyroid disorders can range from a small, harmless goiter (enlarged gland) that needs no treatment, to life-threatening cancer. The most common thyroid problems involve abnormal production of thyroid hormones. Too much thyroid hormone results in a condition known as hyperthyroidism.

Early Warning Signs of Thyroid Problems 

Now that it’s clear how thyroid disorders affect your mental health, it becomes even more crucial to spot signs and symptoms suggesting problems with your thyroid gland. 

Here are some early warning signs you can watch for to detect thyroid abnormalities. 

1. Weight fluctuation 

2. Heat or Cold sensitivity 

3. Irregular heart rate 

4. Chills and tremors

5. Digestive problems

6. Muscle weakness 

7. Dry skin 

8. Fatigue

9. Depression and anxiety

Types of Thyroid Disorders

Many disorders of the thyroid require care by a physician or other health care professional.

Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism can lead to Graves’ disease, which has many symptoms, including sweating, arrhythmia (irregular heartbeat), weight loss, protruding eyes and nervousness.

Hypothyroidism

Symptoms of hypothyroidism can include tiredness, weight gain, depression, abnormal bone development and stunted growth. The most common cause is autoimmune: the production of antibodies that attack the thyroid gland.

Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis

Hashimoto's thyroiditis, an autoimmune disorder, is an inflammation of the thyroid gland. It can cause a goiter (swelling in the neck due to an enlarged thyroid gland) and other symptoms.

Thyroid Tumors

Thyroid nodules and adenomas, small, noncancerous growths, start in the cell layer that lines the inner surface of the thyroid gland. The adenoma itself may secrete thyroid hormone and may cause hyperthyroidism. Thyroid adenoma treatment may include surgery to remove the overactive nodule.

Thyroid Cancer

Thyroid cancer occurs more often in people who have undergone radiation to the head, neck or chest. However, it may also occur in those without any known risk factors. There are four main types of thyroid cancer: papillary thyroid cancer, follicular thyroid cancer, anaplastic thyroid cancer and medullary thyroid cancer. Most thyroid cancer can be treated successfully.

How Thyroid Affects Your Mental Health

Considering the crucial role of thyroid hormones in maintaining cognitive health, it is pretty expected that thyroid problems can interfere with mental health. 

Here are some of the common psychological problems experienced by those diagnosed with thyroid conditions. 

1. Lack of Concentration 

If you’re having a hard time focusing on your work or fixing your attention to a task, it could be due to thyroid problems.  With hypothyroidism, the brain often underperforms with its task due to some sort of fog or cloudiness. As a result, it leads to forgetfulness and general trouble concentrating.

2. Mood Swings

The interruption in the metabolic activity of the brain causes an imbalance in the central nervous system leading to behavioral shifts.  With that, mood swings become frequent. If you have hypothyroidism or other thyroid problems, you can just observe how easily irritable you become. Your mood sometimes changes, even without an apparent reason. This common symptom is one of the reasons why experts look closer into the role of thyroid problems in the development of bipolar disorder. This psychological condition is characterized by extreme mood swings with exaggerated highs and lows in emotions.

3. Low Motivation

Lack of interest or motivation is also common among those with thyroid disorders. It’s still a manifestation of the low metabolic rate in the brain. As the neurons struggle to regain their function, several neurotransmitters or chemicals released by the brain are produced less This results in apathy or lack of energy to complete a task.

4. Severe Anxiety

Anxiety disorders are often linked with both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism. Several studies have supported this notion, especially as the correlation between these conditions. People with severe anxiety due to thyroid disorders often experience unusual levels of fear and nervousness. While doctors often prescribe medications against these immediate symptoms, long-term treatment begins with assessing thyroid conditions.

5. Shorter Temper

People with hyperthyroidism tend to be more aggressive and have a shorter temper. They are easily irritated with small things and, in some cases, tend to be violent. However, this depends on the severity of the disorder and other factors involved. Nonetheless, studies have shown that this aggression is primarily associated with the excessive release of free T3 and T4 in the bloodstream. This is why thyroid health is evaluated among people with a borderline personality disorder.

6. Depression

Depression can sometimes get triggered not by external factors or events but by thyroid disorders. Hence, the condition is not necessarily out of the blue. However, the depressive tendencies that people with thyroid disorders have can be linked not just to the hormonal imbalance but to abnormalities concerning the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. This axis is responsible for managing stress and regulating metabolism.

7. Panic Attacks

Patients with hyperthyroidism often experience panic attacks caused by the overactive thyroid gland. Unfortunately, in many cases, these panic attacks are automatically diagnosed as panic disorder or general anxiety disorder (GAD) when, in fact, it’s a thyroid problem. When the panic attacks did not go away, they looked into the possibility of Grave’s disease – a condition that causes hyperthyroidism. However, after they tested for the patient’s thyroid profile, it was only then that a proper diagnosis was conducted. The condition was, in fact, a thyroid storm.

8. Fatigue and Restlessness

Slow metabolism caused by defective thyroid gland function leads to delays in energy production. This energy shortage experienced by your body is why you feel tired all the time. Fatigue among people with hypothyroidism is persistent. For example, they may have gotten enough sleep overnight, yet they still feel restless when they wake up. This feeling of exhaustion also contributes to other psychological conditions such as depression and general anxiety.

Foods to Eat for Thyroid Health

Foods that support healthy thyroid function may include

1. Protein: Grass-fed meats, free-range chicken, wild-caught seafood, and beans (slow-cooked)

2. Selenium: Brazil nuts, organic liver, cold-water fish, and garlic

3. Magnesium: Dark leafy greens, almonds, pecans, and flax seeds

4. Vitamin B12: Grass-fed meats, free-range chicken and eggs, and wild-caught seafood

5. Iodine: Wild-caught seafood, seaweed, and kelp

6. Iron: Grass-fed beef, organic beef liver, spinach, and sardines

7. Zinc: Grass-fed meats, free-range chicken, wild-caught seafood, and almonds

8. Vitamin B2: Grass-fed meats, organic organ meats, almonds, and green vegetables

9. Vitamin D: Sunshine, egg yolks, organic liver, and wild-caught fish

10. Omega-3 fatty acids: Wild-caught fish, walnuts, chia, and flax seeds

11. Vitamin C: Broccoli, brussels sprout, citrus fruits, and berries

12. Vitamin A: Free-range eggs, green vegetables, and organic liver

Foods to Avoid for Thyroid Health

Certain foods may interfere with the ability of the thyroid gland to process or produce thyroid hormones. These are called goitrogens.

Foods that are bad for your thyroid may include

1. The high content of fluoride in cold drinks damages the thyroid gland like no other beverage.

2. Foods belonging to the brassica family such as broccoli, kale, cauliflower, and cabbage contain substances that may alter thyroid function. These foods, especially if eaten raw (salads), can cause T3 and T4 levels to dip.

3. Soy foods such as tofu, edamame, and soybeans contain isoflavones that act as goitrogens in your body and inhibit the production of thyroid hormones. Steer clear of soy products and select fermented soy foods to minimize the concentration of goitrogenic compounds in your diet.

4. Iodine that is essential for a healthy thyroid gland may paradoxically suppress T3 and T4 function if taken in excess. Daily consumption of iodine should not be more than 150 grams. Hence, only take iodide supplements such as kelp, nori, and seaweed under doctor supervision.

5. Fried foods and foods that contain saturated fats are also bad for thyroid health and function.

6. Although consuming gluten is generally not a problem for most people, it can impair nutrient absorption and trigger GI inflammation in those who have celiac disease. Unfortunately, some people with hypothyroidism, which is caused by an autoimmune disorder such as Hashimoto’s disease, are also at a high risk of being affected by celiac disease. Some people must avoid gluten completely to maintain thyroid function.

7. Caffeine dependence is detrimental to your thyroid and adrenal glands. Caffeine blocks the absorption of thyroid hormone, so you should minimize caffeine consumption as much as possible if you have hypothyroidism.

8. Excess sugar consumption wreaks havoc on the body. In addition to causing a slew of diseases, it interferes with T4 conversion which is necessary for thyroid function.

9. Alcohol can suppress the thyroid gland’s ability to produce thyroid hormones, which is why doctors advise people who have an underactive thyroid to stop drinking alcohol.

Herbs for Thyroid Health

Including certain herbs in a person’s diet may help support thyroid function.

Herbs that may improve thyroid health include the following:

Ashwagandha

Ashwagandha, or Withania somnifera, is a herb that can offer different benefits. The herb has properties that are:

- anti-inflammatory

- neuroprotective

- adaptogenic

- hematopoietic, meaning it may support stem cell function

- sleep-inducing

- anti-anxiety

Research from 2019 shows that using a methanolic extract, such as ashwagandha, supports thyroid function by reducing oxidative stress and improving thyroid hormones. However, potential side effects can include an upset stomach, diarrhea, and drowsiness.

Ginger

Ginger is a common spice, but the root classifies as a herb. Ginger has many health benefits, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties.

Using ginger supplements may benefit people experiencing hypothyroidism, where the thyroid is not producing enough hormones. The herb may also reduce weight and regulate lipid and hormone profiles.

If individuals take larger doses, ginger can have potential side effects, including mouth and throat irritation, digestive discomfort, heartburn, and diarrhea.

Doctors and healthcare professionals do not yet know enough about ginger in therapeutic doses. Due to this, pregnant people and those who are breastfeeding should avoid ginger supplements and discuss any intended use with their doctor.

Atriplex Halimus

Traditional Algerian medicine commonly uses the herb Atriplex halimus to manage thyroid disorders. Research suggests that the herb benefits overactive and underactive thyroids and is effective in treating thyroid cysts due to its phytochemical content. However, there is currently little research into this area, so the dangers and side effects are unknown.

Black Cumin

Black cumin, or Nigella sativa, is another herb that traditional Algerian medicine uses to treat thyroid conditions. It contains phytochemicals and biological components that support various functions in the body, including:

- alkaloids

- coumarins

- flavonoids

- phenolics

A 2016 study looking at the effect black cumin has on Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, a condition that gradually destroys the thyroid, shows that black cumin can generally improve thyroid status, as well as for people with this specific condition

Black cumin is likely safe when taken in small doses for a short time. However, some people report allergic skin rashes, and those taking blood-thinning medications should avoid black cumin altogether.

Bunium Incrassatum

Bunium incrassatum is a medicinal herb that may benefit those with different thyroid conditions. For example, a 2022 study on rats found that the herb can help repair damaged thyroid tissue due to an overactive and underactive thyroid.

Further studies will confirm the benefits in humans, but the herb has antioxidant properties and contains phytochemicals that can protect cells. Without proper preparation, this herb may cause gastrointestinal conditions.

Saussurea Costus

Saussurea costus is a form of thistle that people in Saudi Arabia use extensivelyTrusted Source, though it also plays a more general role in traditional medicine. The herb has antioxidant properties and contains flavonoids.

There is little scientific evidence to support the role of Saussurea costus in treating thyroid conditions. However, Saussurea costus continues to play a significant role in traditional medicine, and some research in animal models has found the herb to have benefits for managing thyroid conditions.

Experts know little about the side effects, drug interactions, or the effects of S. costus on those who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Some people also report allergic reactions, including contact dermatitis.

Agarwood

In traditional medicine, agarwood, or Aquilaria malaccensis, may play a role in helping thyroid cancer. This is because agarwood contains antioxidants that are detrimental to several cancer cell lines. However, more studies are necessary to increase confidence in the benefits of agarwood for thyroid cancer and to better understand any potentially harmful side effects.

Bugleweed

Bugleweed, Lycopus spp., may have antithyroid effects. This may make the herb suitable for people with an overactive thyroid. A 2021 review of herbs for thyroid function states that Bugleweed has the most potential as it seems to enhance the body’s ability to effectively use iodine.

12 Essential Oils For Thyroid Health

Essential oils do not treat thyroid issues but they may help manage a variety of symptoms associated with an imbalanced or unhealthy thyroid. For instance, if you have an underactive thyroid, you may experience certain symptoms like lethargy and fatigue, dry skin, irritability, digestive issues, inflammation, and weight gain. Some essential oils may help you to manage these better and support your prescribed treatment.

1. Lemongrass

Lemongrass oil with its fresh, citrusy aroma has potent anti-inflammatory properties. It inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokinesi  and thus may reduce the allergic or inflammatory disease response linked with thyroid imbalance. You can apply lemongrass oil topically on the neck if your thyroid gland feels swollen or enlarged.

2. Frankincense

Frankincensei  oil is a great inclusion in your arsenal as it has anti-inflammatory, pain-relieving, and immune-boosting properties. A study has found frankincense to be effective against psoriasisi  , one of the auto-immune disorders commonly linked with thyroid issues. According to research, frankincense may be able to help with brain and memory function, auto-immunity issues, diabetes, and asthma. All of these issues are directly or indirectly associated with an imbalanced thyroid. Frankincense has a pleasant fragrance, and it is also perfect for aromatherapy after a long tiring day.

3. Lavender

Lavender oil may be effective against anxiety, a common issue caused by an overactive thyroid. Research suggests that lavender may promote a sense of calm, and ease depression, which is also common in people with thyroid imbalance. In addition, it may also boost antioxidant activity and reduce oxidative stress, which worsens and is prevalent in hypothyroidism.

4. Sandalwood

According to a study, sandalwood oil has anti-anxiety-like properties and may be helpful if you are experiencing panic attacks or anxiety associated with an overactive thyroid. It may also help reduce hair loss caused by hypothyroidism. It may also help with dry or flaky skin associated with psoriasis. Furthermore, a study suggests that sandalwood may help provide protection against oxidative and pollution-triggered stress, which exacerbate thyroid issues.

5. Wintergreen

Wintergreen oil may be effective against the aches and pains in joints and the muscle fatigue associated with thyroid imbalance. Research shows that methyl salicylate, the active ingredient present in wintergreen oil, has strong pain-relieving properties. You can use this oil topically on sore and tired joints and muscles. Mix this oil with a carrier oil, like coconut oil or olive oil, if you find its scent overpowering.

6. Spearmint

Spearmint, scientifically called Mentha spicata, is also known for its analgesic (pain-relieving) properties. Research suggests that it may relieve joint pain, something that is common if you have thyroid dysfunction. You can apply this topically on your achy joints to improve circulation and ease the pain.

7. Peppermint

Peppermint oil serves multiple purposes when used as an essential oil for thyroid issues. According to research, it may aid digestion, reduce nausea, improve a sluggish metabolism, boost physical performance, and help with mood stabilization, and cognitive performance. You can add it to a carrier oil and massage your belly if you are having digestive issues related to hypothyroidism. You can also inhale it via a diffuser or consume food-grade peppermint with a cup of tea to get its benefits.

8. Rose geranium

Rose geranium essential oil may be helpful as an anti-inflammatory agent and may help with joint inflammation associated with rheumatoid arthritis in those with hypothyroidism. It may also help manage dry skin issues. You may apply diluted rose geranium essential oil on stiff and swollen areas for relief. You may also find yourself relaxed and in a better mood because of its exquisitely rosy aroma.

9. Black Pepper

Black pepper or Piper nigrum is a well-studied bioenhancer. That means that it can magnify the effects of other ingredients in an essential oil blend. Research suggests that black pepper works as an energy booster, a good counter for the fatigue experienced in hypothyroidism. There is also some evidence to suggest that it may be able to fight inflammation, anxiety, depression, and toxins in the body— all of which are common troubles associated with thyroid imbalance.

10. Cilantro

Cilantro is an excellent detoxifying agent that may help to get rid of several heavy metals like lead, and mercury. An accumulation of these toxins has been linked with thyroid dysfunction. This popular culinary herb and its essential oil contain a chemical called linalool with strong analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. As musculoskeletal conditions like arthritis are likely to coexist with thyroid issues, you can use this oil for massaging your joints and muscles as well.

11. Roman Chamomile

Anxiety, depression, and insomnia can be troubling conditions related to an overactive or underactive thyroid. Roman chamomile is one of the best essential oils for hypothyroidism as all these respond very well to chamomile’s effects.

12. Ginger

Ginger essential oil is a powerhouse when it comes to tackling an imbalanced thyroid. It helps the body cope with inflammation, allergic reactions, asthma, and some auto-immune issues. It also has an energizing effect that can help to combat fatigue linked with hypothyroidism. Additionally, ginger may be effective in alleviating nausea and digestive issues related to an imbalanced thyroid.

How to Restore Thyroid Health Naturally

Here are eight thyroid healing practices you can start today.

1. Get adequate iodine.

One nutritional trigger for hypothyroidism is not getting enough iodine. Iodine is important to maximize thyroid function, so getting the right amount can help give you a boost. Though it’s less common in North America, iodine deficiency is still prevalent worldwide and is considered the leading nutritional cause of hypothyroidism. Since the body can’t make iodine, it’s important to choose foods that contain it. Experts recommends focusing on sea vegetables like seaweed and kelp, but iodine is also found in iodized salt, fish, and eggs.

2. Manage your stress.

Chronic stress can impair thyroid function. Under stress, your body produces the hormone cortisol . But too much cortisol can negatively impact thyroid hormone production, making it difficult for the gland to work properly, so working to reduce stress can help you heal your thyroid. Practices like meditation and deep breathing exercises can make a big difference.

3. Eat enough selenium.

Maintaining a sufficient level of selenium is important for preventing and healing thyroid issues. Thyroid healing foods that contain this essential mineral include Brazil nuts, legumes, and eggs. While you can take a selenium supplement, experts agree it’s not necessary. A study in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that eating just two Brazil nuts per day worked just as well for increasing selenium levels as taking a supplement.

4. Consume zinc-rich foods.

Similarly, a zinc deficiency can put you at risk for hypothyroidism, since zinc helps to regulate the immune system and thyroid. A double-blind placebo controlled trial published in the Journal of the American College of Nutrition found that zinc and selenium supplementation, as well as zinc alone, helped improve thyroid function. But for most people, supplementation isn’t necessary. Zinc can be found in foods like oysters, meat, poultry, and organ meat. Plant-based sources include beans, nuts, and whole grains.

5. Prioritize gut health.

As we learn more about gut health and the microbiome, it’s becoming clear that the gut plays a role in many health concerns, including thyroid disorders. “It’s important to optimize gut function through lifestyle changes because the majority of the immune system resides in the gut. Gut bacteria actually assist in the conversion of T4 into T3, which is one of the key steps that needs to occur to increase thyroid function. You can improve your gut health in a variety of ways, including taking probiotics . Safdieh also recommends avoiding inflammatory foods, such as refined sugars, dairy , and gluten and adding in gut-healing foods .

6. Start strength training.

Exercise, specifically strength training, helps build muscle, which indirectly affects thyroid health. Taking up an exercise habit may also help to reduce stress, and can help you maintain a healthy weight. Weight is a concern for many people with hypothyroidism, since it slows down your metabolism, making it more difficult to lose or maintain your weight.

7. Improve your sleep routine.

Not getting enough sleep can add to your body’s stress load, so prioritizing quality shuteye is key to healing your thyroid. One study published in the Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine even found that night shift workers, who typically have poorer sleep quality, are at higher risk for thyroid diseases than people who work a daytime schedule. There are lots of ways you can get better sleep , from developing a nighttime routine to limiting caffeine intake during the day.

8. Look into anti-inflammatory supplements.

Any supplements that can help to decrease general inflammation in the body can be helpful. That includes omega fatty acids like fish oil, curcumin, which is the key ingredient in turmeric, and vitamin D . Before starting any supplements to help treat a thyroid disorder, though, it’s a good idea to check in with your health care practitioner about dosage and potential interactions with other medications you’re taking.

How to Take the Thyroid Neck Check

1. Hold the mirror in your hand, focusing on the lower front area of your neck, above the collarbones, and below the voice box (larynx). Your thyroid gland is located in this area of your neck. 

2. While focusing on this area in the mirror, tip your head back.

3. Take a drink of water and swallow. 

4. As you swallow, look at your neck. Check for any bulges or protrusions in this area when you swallow.

5. Reminder: Don’t confuse the Adam’s apple with the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is located further down on your neck, closer to the collarbone. You may want to repeat this process several times.

6. If you do see any bulges or protrusions in this area, see your physician. You may have an enlarged thyroid gland or a thyroid nodule and should be checked to determine whether cancer is present or if treatment for thyroid disease is needed.

When to See an Endocrinologist

Endocrinologists are doctors who have special training in diagnosing and treating endocrine system disorders, including Hashimoto’s disease. Sometimes,  it's a good idea to see an endocrinologist when:

1. You're experiencing hypothyroidism symptoms that aren't getting better with treatment

If your symptoms persist despite taking thyroid hormone replacement medication, you may wish to set up an appointment with an endocrinologist to get a second opinion. Some people with hypothyroidism have a harder time finding the right thyroid hormone medication concentration that works best for them. A specialist can usually help in these situations.

2. You have a lump or thyroid nodule

Your thyroid gland is situated right below your voice box in the front of your neck. If you have a nodule, lump, or another type of growth on your thyroid, it's best to have an endocrinologist look at it. Most lumps are typically benign (noncancerous) and harmless, but in some cases, more severe changes can occur. Some thyroid nodules turn out to be cancerous. And, while it's rare, some can cause hypothyroidism.

3. You have a goiter or enlarged thyroid gland

If you have a goiter, the endocrinologist can help determine why it developed and what type of treatment can help. They can also determine if you have hypothyroidism or not.

4. You have a pituitary gland condition that causes hypothyroidism

Your pituitary gland is located at the base of your brain, along with your hypothalamus. It controls your body's thyroid hormone production. It's extremely unusual, but in some people, this gland can fail to give off the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) that helps stimulate thyroid hormone production. Because this condition is complicated, seeing an endocrinologist will assist you in your next steps.

5. You're trying to conceive or are pregnant

It's important to know how Hashimoto's disease can affect your pregnancy or how pregnancy can affect your condition because hormone levels change considerably during pregnancy. If you're looking to become pregnant or already are, you should see an endocrinologist to closely monitor your thyroid hormone treatment. Leaving hypothyroidism untreated also increases your miscarriage risk, which is another reason you should see an endocrinologist if you're pregnant.

Sources:

Cleveland Clinic

Healthline

Personalabs

Johns Hopkins

Medical News Today

MedicineNet

Stylecraze

Parsley Health Articles

Personalabs

Dana Farber

AACE

UCLA Health

WebMD

Health Match

 

The content herein is provided for general informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Medical information changes constantly, and therefore the content on this website should not be assumed to be current, complete or exhaustive. Always seek the advice of your doctor before starting or changing treatment. If you think you may have a medical emergency, please call your doctor or 9-1-1 (in the United States) immediately.