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FAQs:
What is GLP-1?
GLP-1 is a natural hormone made in the gut that’s released after we eat. It stimulates the release of insulin, another hormone whose job is to take glucose from the bloodstream and push it into the body’s cells where it can be used for energy.
What is GLP-1 Support?
GLP-1 support refers to medications known as GLP-1 agonists. GLP-1 agonists are a class of medications that mainly help manage blood sugar (glucose) levels in people with Type 2 diabetes. Some GLP-1 agonists can also help treat obesity.
GLP-1 agonists are most often injectable medications, meaning you inject a liquid medication with a needle and syringe. You give the shots in the fatty tissue just under your skin (subcutaneous injection). Areas of your body where you can give the injections include your belly, outer thighs, upper buttocks, and the backs of your arms.
Other names for this medication class include:
1. Glucagon-like peptide-1 agonists.
2. GLP-1 receptor agonists.
3. Incretin mimetics.
4. GLP-1 analogs.
These medications are relatively new. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first GLP-1 agonist (exenatide) in 2005. Researchers are still learning about their other potential uses and benefits. GLP-1 agonists alone can’t treat Type 2 diabetes or obesity. Both conditions require other treatment strategies, like lifestyle and dietary changes.
Who is Eligible for GLP-1 Medications?
For your doctor to prescribe a GLP-1 agonist, you must meet certain criteria. These medications are designed to treat obesity. To qualify, you must meet the following FDA requirements:
1. Body mass index of 30 or more, or…
2. Body mass index of 27 or more with weight-related complications, such as high blood pressure and high cholesterol
3. Are unable to lose weight after making lifestyle changes
4. Have a history of high and low weight change fluctuations
How Do GLP-1 Agonists Work?
To understand how GLP-1 agonists work, it helps to understand how the naturally occurring GLP-1 hormone works. GLP-1 is a hormone that your small intestine makes. It has several roles, including:
1. Triggering insulin release from your pancreas: Insulin is an essential hormone that allows your body to use the food you eat for energy. It lowers the amount of glucose (sugar) in your blood. If you don’t have enough insulin, your blood sugar increases, leading to diabetes.
2. Blocking glucagon secretion: Glucagon is a hormone your body uses to raise your blood sugar levels when necessary. So, GLP-1 prevents more glucose from going into your bloodstream.
3. Slowing stomach emptying: Slower digestion means that your body releases less glucose (sugar) from the food you eat into your bloodstream.
4. Increasing how full you feel after eating (satiety): GLP-1 affects areas of your brain that process hunger and satiety.
GLP-1 agonist medications work by mimicking this hormone. In medication terms, an agonist is a manufactured substance that attaches to a cell receptor and causes the same action as the naturally occurring substance. In other words, GLP-1 medications bind to GLP receptors to trigger the effects (or roles) of the GLP-1 hormone. The higher the dose of the GLP-1 agonist, the more extreme the effects.
If you have Type 2 diabetes, the medications help manage your blood sugar by triggering your pancreas to release more insulin. The slowed digestion also helps decrease blood sugar spikes. The satiety effect of GLP1-agonists reduces your food intake, appetite, and hunger. These combined effects often result in weight loss.
What is the Difference Between GLP-1 Medications and GLP-1 Supplements?
GLP-1 medications like semaglutide (Ozempic and Wegovy) and tirzepatide (Zepbound and Mounjaro) are FDA-approved prescription drugs specifically designed to manage type 2 diabetes and/or aid in weight loss. These medications work by binding to GLP-1 receptors in the body, which increases insulin production in response to food intake and suppresses glucagon, a hormone that raises blood sugar. GLP-1 drugs also slow down how fast the stomach empties, reduce appetite, and lead to weight loss.
GLP-1 medications are highly regulated – they go through years of clinical trials to collect sufficient data on the drug’s safety and effectiveness before they’re approved for use. This rigorous process involves multiple phases of testing, all designed to identify potential risks and confirm therapeutic benefits. GLP-1 drugs can only be prescribed to people after meeting stringent regulatory standards set by agencies like the FDA.
Dietary supplements, on the other hand, are not required to go through any regulatory process. Over the years, the FDA has issued hundreds of warnings about tainted weight loss products that could lead to serious health problems. These products are unregulated, and little to no scientific evidence supports their effectiveness. The ingredients in these supplements often lack the necessary potency and mechanisms to replicate the effects of prescription GLP-1 medications – without proper testing, their safety and efficacy are highly questionable.
Can GLP-1 Medications Be Taken Short-Term?
It’s possible, yes, but it’s not advisable. These medications are not intended to be a quick fix, nor are they for people wanting to lose a minor amount of weight. For example, Wegovy and Zepbound have been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for individuals with obesity (having a BMI of 30 or higher) or for those with a BMI of 27 or higher and who also have a weight-related condition, such as diabetes or high blood pressure.
Thinking of treating obesity as a short-term problem is not consistent with the modern philosophy that considers obesity to be a chronic disease. This is the same as with other chronic diseases. If you have high blood pressure, your blood pressure is lower when you take your medications and is higher when you do not take your medications. If you have high cholesterol, your cholesterol is better when you take your medications and increases if you stop the medicines. The struggle with weight is rooted in biology and genetics, not just willpower alone, so GLP-1 agonist medications are a powerful tool in our toolbox.
Can You Take a GLP-1 to Jump-Start Your Weight Loss?
You could, but the pounds you lost would likely come back if you stopped taking the medication. So if your doctor suggests Ozempic or Mounjaro for type 2 diabetes and weight loss, or Wegovy or Zepbound for obesity, these will likely be part of long-term solutions, along with a nutritious diet and exercise.
Research on how long to take a GLP-1 drug for weight loss is still ongoing, but one study of 327 participants, who had lost an average of 17.3 percent body weight on a semaglutide after 15 months, were asked to stop their medication. One year later, the participants had regained two-thirds of the weight they had lost while on the medication.
How Much Weight Can Someone Lose with GLP-1 Medication?
You should see a loss of at least 5% of your body weight in the first 12 weeks of starting a GLP-1. If this isn’t achieved, then we would say the patient does not have a treatment response, and this treatment is not likely to get them to their weight treatment goal.
But if you’ve lost an expected amount of weight and don’t continue to shed pounds, it could be that your medication is working but that you’ve simply hit a weight loss plateau. At some point, the rate of weight loss slows down and then stops—but your weight should remain steady while on the drug. A plateau can occur, but this does not necessarily mean the drug is ineffective.
Is a GLP-1 Drug Right for You?
If you’re thinking about a GLP-1, but aren’t sure about long-term medication or have any questions or concerns, speak with your doctor, who can make an assessment based on your health history.
Patients with diabetes or insulin resistance conditions like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or pre-diabetes are often good candidates for semaglutide because it improves insulin resistance, says Troutman. Semaglutide would also benefit someone who has the medical condition of obesity — having a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher. Wegovy has also been approved by the FDA to “reduce the risk of cardiovascular death, heart attack, and stroke in adults with cardiovascular disease and either obesity or overweight.”
GLP-1 drugs may not be right for you if you have a family history of medullary thyroid cancer, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2) — a rare genetic disorder that causes tumors in various endocrine glands — or a personal history of pancreatitis.
Who Shouldn’t Take GLP-1 Agonists?
Those who shouldn’t take GLP-1 agonists include people who:
1. Are pregnant, nursing, or planning to become pregnant
2. Have a history of thyroid cancer or pancreatitis
3. Are allergic or sensitive to any of the GLP-1 medications
4. Have multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndrome type 2
Weight loss medications are not recommended for people with past or active eating disorders. Furthermore, it’s not recommended to take multiple GLP-1 agonists without consulting a healthcare professional, as it’s unclear how they may interact. Additionally, it’s important to discuss any other medications you may be taking with the prescribing healthcare professional.
How Much Do GLP-1 Injectable Drugs Cost Without Insurance?
According to the KFF and the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER), some injectable drugs intended for weight management can cost $1,300 or more for a month’s supply. While drug manufacturers sometimes offer discount programs, consumers are often left paying hundreds of dollars out of pocket for their prescriptions.
When Does Insurance Cover GLP-1 Injectables?
Mounjaro (tirzepatide) and Ozempic (semaglutide) are often praised on social media for helping people lose weight. However, those drugs are only FDA-approved to treat type 2 diabetes (along with diet and exercise), not obesity.
While some providers may prescribe them off-label for other conditions like obesity, they usually aren’t covered by insurance unless a person has a type 2 diabetes diagnosis.
Some employers choose to exclude GLP-1 drugs from employer-sponsored health plans. Some insurance plans require prior authorization before approval. It is up to each insurer and its chief medical officer to decide if these medications will be covered. Contact your insurer to find out if it excludes weight loss injectables from coverage. Even with insurance, weight loss injectables can still cost hundreds of dollars per month.
List of GLP-1 Agonists
GLP-1 agonist medications currently available on the U.S. market include:
1. Dulaglutide (Trulicity®).
2. Exenatide (Byetta®).
3. Exenatide extended-release (Bydureon®).
4. Liraglutide (Victoza®).
5. Lixisenatide (Adlyxin®).
6. Semaglutide injection (Ozempic®).
7. Semaglutide tablets (Rybelsus®).
There’s also a similar class of medications called dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonists. There’s currently one of these medications on the market. It’s called tirzepatide (Mounjaro®).
Potential Benefits of GLP-1 Agonists
Other than lowering blood sugar levels and reducing weight, studies show that GLP-1 agonists may have other potential benefits, like:
1. Lowering blood pressure.
2. Improving lipid disorders.
3. Improving fatty liver disease.
4. Reducing your risk of heart disease and kidney disease.
5. Delaying the progression of diabetes-related nephropathy.
Side Effects of GLP-1 Agonists
The most common side effects of GLP-1 agonists include:
- Loss of appetite.
- Nausea.
- Vomiting.
- Diarrhea.
These side effects are more likely to happen when you start the medication or if you’re taking an increased dose.
Other side effects can include:
- Dizziness.
- Mild tachycardia (increased heart rate).
- Infections.
- Headaches.
- Indigestion (upset stomach).
You may also have temporary mild itchiness and/or redness on your skin at the site of the injections.
Severe — but rare — side effects can include:
- Pancreatitis.
- Medullary thyroid cancer.
- Acute (sudden) kidney injury.
- Worsening diabetes-related retinopathy.
Foods to Eat While on GLP-1
The best diet to follow while on GLP-1 medications is one that focuses on whole, minimally processed foods. Research indicates that managing type 2 diabetes involves focusing on a diet rich in high-fiber foods like vegetables, fruits, legumes, and whole grains while limiting the intake of saturated fatty acids. Instead, eating more monounsaturated fats and omega-3 polyunsaturated fats can potentially increase GLP-1 secretion, which may be beneficial for type 2 diabetes management.
Some of the best foods to eat while on GLP-1 medications include:
1. Eggs: Eggs are rich in protein and monounsaturated fats, which can trigger the release of GLP-1 and other hormones that help you feel full. They also contain many vitamins and minerals that can support overall health.
2. Healthy fats: Healthy fats, such as those found in avocados, nuts, and olive oil, are rich in monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, which stimulate the release of GLP-1. They’re also important for brain health and hormone production.
3. Whole grains: Whole grains, such as oats, brown rice, and quinoa, are high in fiber, which can help improve digestion and regulate blood sugar levels. They also provide a steady source of energy.
4. Berries: Berries, such as blueberries and strawberries, are rich in antioxidants, which can help lower inflammation and improve overall health. They’re also low in sugar compared to other fruits.
5. Legumes: Legumes, including beans, lentils, and chickpeas, are high in fiber and protein, which can help regulate blood sugar levels and promote digestive health.
6. Vegetables: Vegetables like broccoli, carrots, and Brussels sprouts are not only low in calories and rich in nutrients but also high in fiber, potentially helping in the release of GLP-1 and regulating blood sugar levels.
7. Leafy greens: Leafy greens, such as spinach, kale, and Swiss chard, are rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals, which can help regulate blood sugar levels and improve your overall health.
Foods to Avoid while on GLP-1
While taking GLP-1 medications, it’s advisable to avoid foods that can cause rapid spikes in blood sugar levels or lower the medication’s effectiveness, such as:
1. sugary foods and beverages like juices, soda, and alcohol
2. refined carbohydrates like white bread and pasta
3. high-fat foods
A study involving 72 participants with obesity revealed that those with high added sugar intake experienced the smallest increase in GLP-1 levels following glucose consumption.
GLP-1 medications can help reduce cravings for foods with fewer nutrients.
By promoting feelings of fullness, these medications can support dietary choices, as you’re less likely to feel hungry or crave high-calorie, low-nutrient foods. This can help with GLP-1 weight loss results and improve overall health.
How to Start GLP-1 Therapy
Before starting GLP-1 therapy, you need to start with a consultation with your primary care physician or GLP-1 specialists near me. This healthcare professional will evaluate your medical history, and current health status, and determine your eligibility for GLP-1 medications such as Ozempic or Wegovy. These medications are primarily FDA-approved for individuals with obesity (BMI of 30 or higher) or for those with a BMI of 27 or higher who have weight-related health issues.
Once you are assessed, if deemed appropriate, your physician will provide a prescription. It's important to note that insurance coverage can vary significantly; therefore, understanding your specific plan is crucial. Insurance companies often require prior authorization for GLP-1 prescriptions, which can lead to additional waiting time of 1-3 weeks while your request is reviewed.
If your insurance denies coverage, or if you find yourself uninsured, out-of-pocket costs can be substantial, typically ranging between $900 to $1,600 per month. In such cases, you may also consider options like compounded semaglutide, which can reduce the overall expense.
Moreover, resources such as online platforms can assist you in navigating insurance options and connecting you with healthcare professionals for virtual consultations, streamlining the process of obtaining your GLP-1 prescription.
How to Choose GLP-1 Therapy Providers
At a high level, the key factors when looking for an online GLP-1 provider include:
1. Medication availability: It might sound obvious, but always double-check to make sure the platform offers the medication in question. Ideally, look for platforms offering multiple GLP-1 medications so that you have access to alternatives just in case.
2. Health goal: While some platforms offer access to endocrinologists and certified diabetes educators, others are better suited for people only interested in weight loss. Take these factors into account, especially when recommending platforms for people with type 2 diabetes.
3. Cost: Online platforms vary greatly in price, including consultation fees and monthly subscription costs. Additionally, some are eligible for insurance coverage, while others require paying fully out of pocket. Look for options that take insurance when possible and try to include options at a variety of price points.
4. Resources and support: With GLP-1 medications, you slowly ramp up doses over time, and side effects can be serious. For these reasons, prioritize online platforms that offer ongoing support and medical monitoring. Additionally, because these medications are effective when paired with lifestyle changes, ook for platforms that include additional resources to help you on your wellness journey. Examples include GLP-1 health coaching, GLP-1 lifestyle coaching, educational content, GLP-1 group support sessions, GLP-1 medication guidance, recipes, and food tracking.
5. Reviews: To better understand each program, go on a GLP-1 consultation, read countless online reviews and ask friends, family members, and co-workers about their experiences.
How and Where to Get GLP-1 Medications Near Me
To get these medications, you must meet certain eligibility criteria and get a prescription from a licensed healthcare professional or the best GLP-1 practitioners, such as a primary care physician, endocrinologist, nurse practitioner, or physician assistant.
While some people may meet with their healthcare professional in person, others may prefer the convenience of an online platform for affordable GLP-1 support near me. If you opt for the online route, it’s essential to choose a reputable platform that offers plenty of support and resources.
After a medical exam, a healthcare professional may provide a prescription for a GLP-1 agonist, depending on whether or not you meet the required criteria.
A doctor may consider the following factors:
1. your medical history
2. your health concerns
3. what other medications you’re taking
They can also provide more information about insurance coverage and how much you can expect to pay out of pocket for your prescription. If you’re interested in GLP-1 medications for weight loss, some telehealth services also offer prescriptions for GLP-1 agonists after a virtual consultation.
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